If you’re using a non-phone camera, I don’t think there’s any upsides to using digital zoom. Just take the photo full res (and raw if you can) and then do the cropping/zooming in gimp, etc. Then you have full control of the cropping, and you might even be able to use a better upscaling algorithm than the camera’s built in.
This is not true on phones because when you zoom in digitally the phone does something called super-resolution imaging where it takes a whole sequence of photos and then stacks them to try and fill in the missing information. That tech hasn’t caught up to dedicated cameras yet.
What camera are you using?
I’m confused. People are saying this is due to earths curvature, but this is in the northern hemisphere so shorter paths should be more northern, not more southern.
See this map of the actual shortest distance line (purple) for those two points. The image OP’s question seems much more reasonable given this information?