I have 2 directories which both have stuff in them:
-
/home/user/folderApple -
/mnt/drive/folderBanana
I want to mount folderBanana onto folderApple like this:
sudo mount --bind "/mnt/drive/folderBanana" "/home/user/folderApple"
But I still want to be able to access the contents of folderApple while this is activated. From what I am reading, binding the original directory to a new location should make it available, like this:
mkdir "/home/user/folderApple-original"
sudo mount --bind "/home/user/folderApple" "/home/user/folderApple-original"
But this just binds /mnt/drive/folderBanana to /home/user/folderApple-original as well. I tried reversing the order and result is the same.
How do I tell mount to look for the underlying directory?
I am happy to use symlinks or something else if it’ll reliably get the job done, I am not wedded to this mechanism.
(The purpose of all this is that when an external drive is connected, I can have the storage conveniently available, but when it is not connected, the system will fallback to internal storage. But then I will want to move files between the fallback and external locations when both are available. So I need to see both locations at once.)
Check out section 4.1 here https://www.baeldung.com/linux/bind-mounts
Sounds like you may want to use a union filesystem like overlayfs. I’m not sure if the specific behavior of overlayfs will work for you, but it’s worth investigating.
Thank you for putting your use-case in your post, since otherwise I think this might be an XY problem.
EDIT: There’s also mergefs and unionfs. I don’t know what the features and drawbacks are for these three union filesystems. mergefs seems like it might be the most configurable, but it’s also FUSE. unionfs and overlayfs are both in-kernel, so they’ll perform better (which may not matter for your use-case). overlayfs is the one I’m most familiar with of those two, since it’s used by most container runtimes.
The easy solution would be to have a third common mount point for the two that is switched if the external drive is connected or not.
In another subthread I came up with the below, is this what you mean? I haven’t tried it yet.
/home/user/folderAppleis always empty/home/user/folderApple-originalmounts ontop of/home/user/folderAppleat boot- then
/mnt/drive/folderBananaalso mounts ontop of/home/user/folderApplewhen/if it becomes available (later in the order)
You can only mount into an empty directory. You cannot mix two directories with mount.
Ideally I’d like to avoid a script because my experience is they aren’t very durable. I make mistakes and they are difficult to troubleshoot. So I am trying to just use the tools that are already available in the system.
But maybe there is something in the idea of using a second mount, like if
/home/user/folderAppleis always empty/home/user/folderApple-originalmounts ontop of/home/user/folderAppleat boot- then
/mnt/drive/folderBananaalso mounts ontop of/home/user/folderApplewhen/if it becomes available (later in the order)
Well that’s bullshit, I can mount to directories with contents
Alright, I didn’t know you can mount “over” a directory. But my point was, you cannot mix them, you do not mount into the directly. It just replaces it. Which also would make this directory no longer accessible, but he wants both accessible at the same time.
Yes
You need to
sudo mount --bind "/home/user/folderApple" "/home/user/folderApple-original"before you
sudo mount --bind "/mnt/drive/folderBanana" "/home/user/folderApple".The results are the same no matter which order I do the mounts in.
So… are you saying the contents of
/home/user/folderApple-originalreally changes after you bindmount something over/home/user/folderApple? This seems odd. Do you have submounts under the original directory? Try with--rbind?
Only way I know of is to unmount the binded folder. I don’t think there is a way to have the filesystem show files from both at the same time.
